Target pest Aphidoletes aphidimyza is a predatory midge (a small fly). Female midges lay their eggs on leaves beside aphids. Metcalf, R.L and Metcalf, R.A. (1993) Destructive and Useful Insects: Their Habits and Control. It is supplied as pupae in trays or bottles containing a moist substrate such as vermiculite or peat moss for the pupae to complete their development. Although very few field introductions have been reported, studies indicate there is the potential for aphid control in many outdoor crops. High humidity and shelter from high temperatures and strong winds will encourage midge activity. Hoffmann, M.P. This can be averted in the greenhouse by nocturnal use of 100 W incandescent light bulbs spaced 22 m apart when the canopy is open, with closer spacing when the canopy is dense. A complete life cycle takes 24 days at 21ºC (70 ºF). After 3–7 days the larvae drop to the ground and burrow 3⁄4 to 1+1⁄2 inches (1.9 to 3.8 cm) inches into the soil to pupate. Initially a new species was described for every different prey attacked, and at least 24 previously described species have been determined to be A. aphidimyza. • Female midges lay their eggs on leaves beside aphids. Life cycle takes 15-20 days. Each bottle contains black pupae mixed with wood fiber They often stand with their antennae curled back over their head. The larvae have strong "jaws" with which they grasp their prey. The midge larva paralyses each aphid by attacking its leg joints and then sucks it dry, leaving a blackened, collapsed aphid attached to the leaf. Aphid midges overwinter as larvae in cocoons in the soil, pupating in spring. In one study, A. aphidimyza located the one infested plant out of 75. Adult aphid midges are small (2-3 mm), delicate, mosquito-like flies with long, dangling legs and long antennae. Larvae feed for 7-11 days, pupation takes 6-9 days inside a cocoon of loosely woven silk, on plants or on the ground. Adults emerge in late spring, mate the night of emergence, and the mated females begin the search for aphids. Each female lays 150-200 eggs during her lifespan of 1-2 weeks. Very cost-effective for preventive control at low aphid levels. The orange maggot stage targets over 60 species of aphids and psyllids. Life cycle. The larvae, which look like orange maggots, are tiny, growing through three instars from minute to 2-3 mm. Females deposit 100-250 tiny (1⁄64 inch [0.40 mm]) shiny orange eggs singly or in small groups among aphid colonies that hatch in 2–3 days. In the field, larvae develop in one to two weeks, and pupation may take up to three weeks. The aphid midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, is a cecidomyiid fly whose larvae are effective predators of aphids. 63 pp. In the greenhouse A. aphidimyza has become very important for aphid control on long term vegetable crops. A. aphidimyza attacks over 60 species of aphids. One larva needs a minimum of 7 aphids in order to complete the life cycle, but it may eat as many as 80. Sex ratio in populations vary, but there are usually somewhat more females (60% females). Life Cycle: A complete life cycle takes 21 days at 21 ° C (70 ° F). In addition, larvae kill more aphids than they consume. Adults may be more susceptible than larvae. After 3–7 days the larvae drop to the ground and burrow ⁄4 to 1 ⁄2 inches (1.9 to 3.8 cm) inches into the soil to pupate. Greenhouse vegetable integrated pest management programs in Canada recommend the use of these midges, often in conjunction with releases of the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius matricariae, for aphid control. Each female may live for one to two weeks and deposit, singly or in clusters, about 70 upright, orange eggs on leaves among aphids. They hide beneath the leaves during the day, and are active at night. Larvae bite aphids’ legs, injecting a … Eggs hatch in about 3 days. Environ Entomol. This is because in their larval stage, The larvae then hatch and begin feeding voraciously. Life Cycle. They are most effective at 68–80 °F (20–27 °C) and high relative humidity. Sex ratio in populations vary, but there are usually somewhat more females (60% females). In the greenhouse however, the life cycle is usually very simple. Aphidoletes aphidimyza is gall midge whose larvae feed on over 60 different species of aphids. Habitat Aphids are called plant lice by some people, though based on our experiences, this is not typical. The eggs hatch in two to four days. The larvae of the midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza feed on most aphid species, but will not feed on gall forming aphids (Don Elliott, pers comm) ... Once in the greenhouse, Lygus bugs can continue their life cycle and establish a population within the greenhouse. Sex rations may vary, but there are usually more (60%) females. In one study, the Aphidoletes located the one infested plant out of 75. Eggs are oval, minute (about 0.1 mm by 0.3 mm), and orange. The adults are small (less than .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1⁄8 inch [3.2 mm] long), black, delicate flies (similar to a fungus gnat) that live for an average of 10 days, feeding on aphid honeydew. The eggs hatch in 2-3 days. In greenhouse environments, adult midges are most effective at 20-26 degrees C with high humidity. The development, survival and longevity of L. glyphinivora were observed and compared with those of the aphid gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). A complete life cycle takes 10 days at 25 ºC (77 ºF) and 2 weeks at 21 ºC (70ºF). Adults of this species are attracted to aphid honeydew and lay 60-250 eggs amongst aphid colonies. The small, bright orange, slug-like larvae inject a toxin into aphids' leg joints to paralyze them and then suck out the aphid body contents through a hole bitten in the thorax. The life cycle in the field may range from three to six weeks, and there may be three to six generations per year, depending heavily on daylength. Top: Aphidoletes egg laid near aphid. That said, the most up to date taxonomic account is available to download free of charge - namely: A. aphidimyza has been found on cabbage, apples, blueberries, and ornamental bushes, and is recognized as being an important naturally occurring control agent of aphids on Russian and Egyptian cotton. ), delicate, mosquito-like flies with long legs and antennae. Overwinter as mature larvae. The sex ratio is generally 60% female. Adult midges are very efficient at locating aphid colonies. They give birth to live young, which in turn can Six generations per year. Each females lays 150-200 eggs during her lifespan of 1-2 weeks. Gilkeson, L.A. and Hill, S.B. Aphidoletes aphidimyza The midges are shipped as pupae in a moist carrier material, such as vermiculite. Thanks for reviewing this section to Richard Meadow, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Fellesbugget, Norway, and John Sanderson, Department of Entomology, Cornell University. Control is achieved when 80% of the aphids are parasitized. A single larva grows up to 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm) long and kills 4-65 aphids per day. High air temperature and … Mostly aphids, also mites, scale insects and mealybugs. Most sprays are toxic to midges. Adult gall midges are small (2-3 mm. females). Aphidoletes aphidimyza is often called the aphid midge. Eggs hatch within 2 to 4 days and larvae feed for a week or two before dropping to the soil, pupating, and emerging as 2nd-generation adults two to three weeks later. May colonize in protected gardens and orchards, appearing year after year at first sign of The complete life cycle takes 24 days at 70°F, but can vary depending on temperature and availability of prey. The females lay their eggs on the leaves near aphid colonies. There are … A life cycle lasts about 24 days at 21 °C (70 °F) Optimal conditions are a temperature of 21-25ºC and humidity of 70%. Development rate depends on temperature and availability of prey. Larvae need slightly moist soil for successful pupation.
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